THE SELF-MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY: GENERAL PRINCIPLES

We have seen that anxiety may arise from a great number of causes. When we come to examine them and understand them, we see further that many of the causes can in fact be remedied. This of course is the first step in the self-management of anxiety. Those causes that have a basis in external reality are the easiest to remedy. For instance, a perfectionist working in a job in which he is involved with dirt and untidiness will have much less tension if he changes to a more suitable occupation, or a couple may be able to free themselves of tension if they can make sensible mutual adjustments in their sex life together.

However, it is clear that many of the causes of anxiety are with us, and there is really nothing we can do to escape them. In these circumstances the mere fact of understanding the origin of our tension helps us to bear it. We must understand it in the full sense of the word. I do not mean that we have to know the technical psychological mechanisms involved. In fact this is really little help, as is proved by the generally high level of tension in psychology students. What is required is a kind of philosophical understanding—knowing the cause, together with a calm and easy acceptance of the situation.

Some tension, of course, may be due to an unknown cause, and this tension is much more difficult to tolerate because of our innate fear of the unknown. Our fear keeps prompting us to find the cause, and when we cannot do so, we begin to feel that we must be going out of our mind.

We see then that in some cases the cause of tension can be removed; in other cases, we cannot remedy the cause, but we can still reduce its effect by a proper understanding of the situation. In the vast majority of cases, however, we are faced with tension, the cause of which we can do very little, if anything, to modify.

*47\57\2*

A CURE FOR ARTHRITIS: HE LEFT HIS CRUTCHES AND WALKED

Albin Vistrand, 60, a Swedish farmer from Bie, Sormland, suffered from agonizing arthritis for 12 years.

Actually it all started long ago. While in military service during his youth he hurt his right arm. The infection spread and developed into a bad blood poisoning. After the operation his arm didn’t heal completely and he was discharged as an invalid. For several years he was bothered with open, inflamed ulcers until the arm was finally healed. Then for many years he enjoyed seemingly perfect health.

But in 1953 the same arm was stricken with a severe attack of arthritis. Not only was he unable to perform his farm labors, but he could not write, not even peel his potatoes. After two years of suffering and pain he was finally ordered by doctors to use a prosthesis on his arm to enable him to bend it at all. He had this prosthesis on his arm every day for ten long years!

In 1957 arthritis started to spread to other parts of the body. His left leg became badly inflamed. Increasing stiffness accompanied the unbearable pain. He also received a bigger prosthesis for his leg, which limited his movements and made walking with crutches more bearable.

In addition to various drugs, one doctor gave instructions to wrap the leg in adhesive bandage.

“This treatment I’ll never forget,” said Mr. Vistrand.

The bandage was left on for several weeks and, finally, when the pain became so bad that he could not stand it anymore, he called the doctor. “Try to remove the bandage,” was the doctor’s advice.

“I did,” continued Mr. Vistrand. “I worked for two hours with a pair of scissors and a razor blade, and when I finished the whole leg looked like bloody flesh and pus.”

Now he started the long list of visits to various hospitals and arthritis clinics. Eight weeks in Kullbergska Hospital… Three weeks in Norrtuna Hospital… without any improvement in his condition. In Eskilstuna Hospital he received 12 x-ray treatments for his left knee. After this treatment the knee was so badly burned that they had to operate on it. In addition, he was stricken by double pneumonia. When he finally came back home, his arthritis was worse than ever.

“I had such frightful pains that it is impossible to describe them,” he said.

Now some friends recommended the well-known cure clinic for rheumatic diseases in Nynashamn. Mr. Vistrand went there in November, 1958 and stayed until the end of January, 1959. Treatments consisted of various forms of physiotherapy, baths, and massage, plus masses of different drugs. He felt a little better and the drugs killed the pain. When he returned home, however, his pain came back.

The next hospital visit was to Lot. Here the entire treatment consisted of various drugs—14 tablets each day. It was in this hospital that his leg prosthesis of steel and leather was made in an attempt to hold his leg in a straight position.

In spite of all these various treatments and drugs, his condition was getting progressively worse. Now both his legs were affected. A visit to a famous rheumatologist at St. Erik’s Hospital in Stockholm, revealed that he also was afflicted with a bad anemia due to an iron deficiency. He received 20 injections of iron in addition to several new drugs, including Butazolidin. They helped to relieve the pain, but now he was seized with cramps in the legs and his toenails turned black and fell off. But his blood quality improved and he started to gain weight

Then his heart started to bother him. A new visit to a doctor resulted in a new drug for his heart condition. He discovered, however, that when he took his heart medicine, it completely disrupted his stomach and digestion. And when he took his drugs for arthritis they affected his heart condition—the typical vicious cycle of drug therapy!

He began to realize that he was at the end of his rope. In his search for relief he had tried everything and nothing had helped. His arthritis was becoming worse with each week. He took 22 tablets of various drugs each day, but they didn’t give him any lasting relief. He felt desperate, helpless, and discouraged.

It was at that time that some friends showed him a copy of Tidskrift for Halsa which opened his eyes to an alternative to drugs and operations—a new biological approach to the treatment of arthritis. One cold and dark day in January, 1964 he was taken in an automobile to the Brandals Clinic.

“I was very skeptical when I arrived there,” he says. “After all, I went through so many different treatments before, without getting better. Also, I was instructed to get rid of all tablets and my program should start with an enema and potato broth—a water in which potatoes were boiled!”

Twenty-Five Days without Food

His program of treatments at Brandal started with a therapeutic fast which lasted 25 days. He received no solid foods, only vegetable and fruit juices, vegetable broths, and herb teas. His other treatments included alternating hot and cold showers each morning, an enema twice a day, colonic irrigation once a week, exercises, and lots of rest.

After 20 days of fasting he was able to leave his crutches and walk without them. On the 26th day he started eating again. His diet consisted of raw fruits and vegetables with homemade yogurt, wheat germ, crushed seeds and nuts, vegetable soup, and potatoes.

One week after completion of the fast he was able to climb the stairs to the second floor without help and without even holding onto the handrail. The pain had disappeared completely. He had full mobility of his arms and legs.

Mr. Vistrand wrapped his arm and leg prostheses in a package and presented them to Alma Nissen as a new addition to her “museum.” They are proudly exhibited in the sitting room of the Brandals Clinic for the inspiration of other arthritis sufferers who come there.

Happy and optimistic Albin Vistrand returned to his farm able to walk and work without crutches, without pain, and without drugs. As a pleasant bonus from the biological therapies at Brandal his heart and stomach problems disappeared as well.

*3\176\2*

THE FIRST SEIZURE AND THE DIAGNOSIS OF EPILEPSY: OTHER CAUSES OF IMPAIRED OXYGEN SUPPLY TO THE BRAIN-DISTURBANCES OF CARDIAC RHYTHM (CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIA)

Disturbance of consciousness in syncope is due to failure of blood supply to the brain, due in part to a fall in cardiac output. Cardiac output may also be less than normal if the rhythm of the heart is abnormal. Both very slow and very fast heart rates diminish cardiac output.

The distinction of a disturbance of consciousness due to an abnormality of cardiac rhythm from a seizure is not easy. Occasionally, though, a bystander will note that someone is pulseless or has a very irregular pulse during the attack, and sometimes the sufferer himself notices palpitations before disturbance of consciousness. Cardiac rhythm is easily monitored by electrocardiography. The changes in voltage associated with contraction of the different chambers of the heart are of sufficient amplitude that they can easily be recorded on a cassette recorder for periods of 24 hours, and their occurrence in relation to symptoms analysed. A cardiac cause for disturbance of consciousness has been found in up to one quarter of cases first presenting to neurological clinics with blackouts.

*38\188\2*

ARTHRITIS BEATEN TODAY-CMO (CERASOMAL-CIS-9-CETYLMYRISTOLEATE)

A STUDY ON DOSE EFFECTIVENESS AND PATIENT RESPONSE

The effectiveness and nontoxicity of CMO (cerasomal-cis-9-cetylmyristoleate) arthritis symptoms of pain, inflammation, and impaired mobility having been previously established, the purpose of the present study conducted by the San Diego Clinic was:

1.) to determine optimum dosage levels for various types of arthritis,

2.) to determine if different dosage levels would be required relative to the severity of each type of arthritis,

3.) to observe response time required for initial and partial relief of symptoms,

4.) to observe response time required for complete relief of symptoms, and

5.) to determine factors influencing subjects who may not respond to the protocol.

Subjects were volunteers treated as outpatients. They presented with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other forms of reactive arthritis.

The study involved 48 subjects. Female subjects (28) ranged from 33 to 82 years of age. Male subjects (20) ranged from 29 to 74 years of age. All races and many ethnic backgrounds were represented. Age, gender, race, and ethnological background appeared to be irrelevant to patient response in this study.

CMO was administered orally in the form of 385mg capsules each morning and evening. The number of capsules and duration of treatment varied for each group of subjects. Subjects were advised to take capsules on an empty stomach with water only; and to avoid tea, chocolate, alcohol, coffee, cola, and other caffeinated drinks for five hours after taking the capsules. Subjects were advised to completely avoid chocolate and alcohol during the entire trial period of two to four weeks duration. With a few exceptions for subjects who could not function without them, steroids were also prohibited. Otherwise diet was not controlled in any way. Subjects were permitted to continue taking their customary pain and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications until they were no longer needed. Subjects were asked to visit or call in to report progress at least twice weekly.

Only two subjects failed to show marked or complete relief of all symptoms of pain and limited mobility normally associated with arthritis. Both of these non-responding subjects had suffered prior hepatic problems: one from alcohol abuse resulting in cirrhosis of the liver; the other, a former professional athlete, presented with considerable liver damage from steroid abuse. Further studies are necessary to determine the role of liver function capacity with respect to this protocol. Liver damage resulting from steroids previously prescribed for arthritis may also prove to be a factor affecting patient response.

Two other subjects showed less than a 75% return of articular mobility. The balance of all subjects reported 80% to 100% return of articular mobility as well as a 70% to 100% decrease of pain. Relief of inflammation frequently resulted in at least partial correction of some deformities. Informal independent trials at clinics, by individual medical doctors, and other health practitioners appear to have brought approximately the same results.

*59\142\2*

CHILDREN’S HEALTH: LEUKEMIA

Symptoms: paleness, weakness, or fatigue, spontaneous bruising, red, swollen, or bleeding gums, persistent low-grade fever, swollen lymph glands, bone pain, nosebleeds, blood in urine or stool, enlarged spleen or liver.

Home care

Treatment for leukemia must always regulated by a doctor.

Precaution

Many common diseases can imitate the symptoms of leukemia. Do not assume that a child has leukemia because he or she has one or more of the symptoms listed above. Have the doctor see the child to make a diagnosis.

Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells. It can afflict children at any age, but most frequently occurs in children between three and four years old. Some 25 percent of leukemia cases are diagnosed during a routine physical examination before the child shows any symptoms of the disease. Symptoms similar to those of leukemia can also show up in a child suffering from some quite different (and often very simple) disorder. Although it’s rare, leukemia is one of the four types of cancer most frequently seen in children. The disease can progress slowly or rapidly.

Signs and symptoms

Typical symptoms of leukemia are: anaemia, indicated by paleness, weakness, or fatigue; bruises that appear on the body for no apparent reason; swollen, red, and bleeding gums; a low-grade fever (38.3°C); swelling of the lymph glands (although the glands are neither red nor painful); bone pain; frequent, heavy nosebleeds; and the appearance of blood in the child’s urine or stool.

Doctors may suspect leukemia when a physical examination reveals the above signs and symptoms along with an enlarged spleen or liver. Suspicion is strengthened by an abnormal blood count that reveals malignant (cancerous) white blood cells. The diagnosis is confirmed by an examination of bone marrow.

Home care

No home care is advised until a doctor has diagnosed the condition. Leukemia is a serious condition that always requires close medical attention.

Precaution

Leukemia itself is fairly uncommon. However, many illnesses imitate leukemia, and these illnesses are not uncommon; among them are infectious mononucleosis, herpes infections of the mouth, vitamin Ñ deficiency, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell anaemia, and other diseases that cause spontaneous bruising. Do not jump to the conclusion that your child has leukemia because of the presence of any of the signs or symptoms described above. To ease your mind, have the doctor examine the child.

Medical treatment

Today, leukemia can be treated with a wide range of anti-cancer drugs. These drugs may result in long periods of remission (during which the illness gets no worse) and perhaps even cure. Pediatric cancer specialists (oncologists) decide on and supervise the treatment of leukemia. The survival rate of childhood leukemia has been rising over the last few years because of the use of new, complex, anti-cancer drugs.

*145/84/5*

REDUCING CHOLESTEROL: CHOCOLATE, RED WINE AND NUTS AS ANTIOXIDANTS

Sweet news for chocoholics

If it makes you happy it can’t be all bad; this is definitely the case with chocolate. Cocoa butter, which is present in chocolate, contains the saturated fat stearic acid. Even though it is a saturated fat, stearic acid does not raise LDL cholesterol; in fact it is converted into oleic acid in the liver. Oleic acid is a heart healthy monounsaturated fat present in high amounts in olive oil. I bet you didn’t know that eating chocolate is another way of getting the benefits of olive oil!

10 heart saving tips you must follow

Chocolate is quite high in antioxidants; it contains approximately 300 natural compounds. One of the most potent groups of antioxidants found in chocolate are called phenols; these are also present in red wine. Phenols in cocoa can prevent LDL cholesterol from building up in arteries and causing plaques. They can also inhibit the oxidation of cholesterol for up to two hours after consumption. The moral of the story is unfortunately not to eat chocolate every two hours; high levels of sugar and vegetable oil in some chocolate are its downfall. The darker the chocolate the higher it is in antioxidants; the higher the percentage of cocoa solids the better. You are best off eating small amounts of good quality dark chocolate, composed of 70 to 85 percent cocoa solids.

Red wine to cheer your heart

Many studies have been done on the benefits of red wine for the heart. One of the antioxidants found in red wine is called resveratrol. It is a type of polyphenol and is present in grape skins. Resveratrol is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect cholesterol from oxidation, thus preventing it from doing harm to your arteries.

The polyphenols in red wine are also able to inhibit the production of endothelin-1; a type of protein that causes blood vessels to constrict and can make them more sticky, thus allowing fat and other substances to adhere to them and initiate atherosclerosis. Red wine is made from the flesh and skins of grapes, whereas white wine is only made from the flesh. It is the skins that give red wine its vibrant colour. An ideal consumption of red wine would be one glass with a meal for women, and two glasses with a meal for men most days. It is best to have three alcohol free days per week.

Go nuts

Raw nuts and seeds are some of the healthiest foods you can eat. Even though they are fairly high in fat, it is the good monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Nuts and seeds are also an excellent source of fibre and minerals; they should form a regular part of your diet. Suitable nuts include almonds, Brazil nuts, hazelnuts, walnuts, pecans, cashews, pine nuts and pistachios. Seeds include sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds and sesame seeds. Peanuts are actually a legume, like peas and beans, but nutritionally they have similar properties to tree nuts. Nuts and seeds should be consumed un-roasted and un-salted. The fatty acids they contain are easily damaged by the heat of roasting.

Several studies have shown that people who eat nuts every week have better health and suffer less heart disease than people who eat nuts less often. The Nurses Health study was conducted in Boston, USA and assessed more than 86 000 women aged 34-59 years who were free of heart disease. The study found that women who consumed at least 140 grams of nuts per week had a 35 percent lower risk of coronary heart disease than women who ate less than 30 grams per month. Nuts and seeds have the ability to lower LDL “bad” cholesterol because of the good fats they contain; walnuts are especially helpful because they contain omega 3 fats. Most nuts and seeds are also a good source of folic acid, vitamin E and potassium; all essential for a healthy heart.

*48/53/5*

SOLUTIONS TO INFERTILITY: GIVING UP ALCOHOL AND DRUGS

Alcohol

Alcohol is a mutagen, which means it is a substance that can cause mutations.

Studies have shown that giving male mice alcohol damaged their sperm and increased the number of still-born or miscarried offspring by three times. And female rats given alcohol before ovulation had lower fertility and an increased number of dead and deformed offspring. The most extreme effect of alcohol is demonstrated by the fact that 80 per cent of chronic alcoholic men are sterile and alcohol is a common cause of impotence.

Your partner should wait at least four months to clear his reproductive system from the effects of alcohol before you try to conceive. This is because sperm take about that long to mature. Sperm that mature while alcohol is still in the system may be less healthy and effective.

The other reason to give up drinking well in advance of conception is that when you get pregnant it will be at least two weeks before you know it. Toxins from drinking and smoking alcohol are at their most dangerous during the first few weeks of pregnancy because embryo cell division is at its highest then.

Eliminating Drugs

If you or your partner is addicted to any drugs, it is important that you seek professional help by talking to your doctor. He or she can then refer you to a specialist to help overcome the addiction and to allow time for the drugs to be cleared out of your bodies before conception.

If your doctor has prescribed medication for either you or your partner then ask him or her to check whether the drug has any side-effects which could affect fertility. If the drug is essential then ask if there is another type which does not have those side-effects. Also ask if the medication is absolutely essential and if it is not, you may be able to stop taking it.

*42/73/5*

SELF-HELP PREVENTION: HEARTBURN

It is a burning pain behind the breastbone, sometimes accompanied by watery acid coming back into the mouth. The reflux of acid from the stomach into the gullet is usually prevented by a valve at the junction of the two. This valve can become faulty in several medical conditions, or excessive amounts of acid may be produced by the stomach. Smoking reduces the effectiveness of the valve and, like alcohol, increases the amount of stomach acid produced.

What causes it?

•     Hiatus hernia-a condition in which the top end of the stomach ruptures through the diaphragm into the chest.

•     Heavy meals before retiring.

•     Lying flat in bed.

•     Smoking.

•     Alcohol.

•     Being overweight.

•     Tight, constrictive clothing.

•     Eating too heartily.

•     Stress.

•     Pregnancy.

•     Stooping.

Prevention

• Hiatus hernia is common in obese women, and slimming generally helps cure the condition. Prevention of hiatus hernia therefore includes keeping slim. Hiatus hernia is also thought to be caused by excessive straining to pass hard, sticky motions caused by eating highly refined and low-fibre foods. Probably the best preventive for hiatus hernia is a high-fibre diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables, whole meal-flour products and fluid. This keeps the motions soft and means that the individual does not have to strain to pass stools. When straining at stool the pressure inside the abdominal cavity rises dramatically and forces the top end of the stomach to rupture into the chest.

• A large meal before retiring means that the stomach is full and triggered to produce a large amount of acid. The full stomach will also force food up the lower end of the gullet if there is any weakness of the valve there. The acid will produce pain because it will come into contact with gullet lining that is sensitive to acid.

• Raising the head of the bed on books or a couple of bricks and keeping several pillows behind you is a good way of keeping the upper part of your body upright. This in itself can help cure and prevent heartburn.

• Cut down on or stop smoking.

• Cut down or stop drinking alcohol.

• Reduce your weight-this alone can work wonders.

• Don’t wear tight belts, corsets or even tight skirts or trousers. This can have the effect of forcing the abdominal contents upwards and making heartburn worse.

• Eating too heartily can produce indigestion and an over-production of gastric acid. Chew food well before swallowing and eat several small meals rather than having a smaller number of big blow-outs.

• Stress is a powerful producer of acid in the stomach. If acid travels from the stomach into the first part of the intestine it can cause a duodenal ulcer but if it flows into the gullet it can cause a lot of pain and a condition known as reflux oesophagitis. This can be prevented by taking medications that stop acid production in the first place (available on prescription from your doctor) or you can take antacids or stomach powder; to mop up the acid. Milk does not help as it actually increases stomach-acid production after a while. The best preventive is to sort out the causes of stress in your life and learn to relax.

• Pregnancy causes heartburn because the greatly enlarged uterus forces the abdominal contents upwards and encourages the reflux of gastric acid into the lower end of the gullet. The best preventives for this are: to sleep upright in bed at night; to adopt love-making positions that keep the woman upright; and to take antacids and frequent, small meals.

• Stooping can usually be avoided. Sit down to put on shoes, etc. Kneel down to pick things up. In short, avoid bending double for any reason.

*163/72/5*

WEIGHT LOSS: ROLE OF THE THERAPIST

 

Dr. Alan Goodsitt of Northwestern University describes the job beautifully:

Therapists are many things. They are parents, guides, teachers, and coaches. They make themselves available as committed, caring professionals. They are involved. They relate. They encourage, cajole, and exhort. They provide their expert knowledge and experience to relate to another person, to use sound judgment, and help the patient integrate her thoughts, feelings, and actions. They empathically anticipate and care about the patient’s experience. They patiently explain and clarify her thinking about significant issues. Because they know there are good reasons for her behavior and feelings, they do not criticize or belittle her defensive adaptation but at the same time they truthfully acknowledge her present shortcomings. Most important, they are the carriers of hope for the future of the patient.

My first words to the patient-”How may I help?”-tell her that I am on her side. We’ll work together to learn how she sees the world and what we can do to make her life better.

I use my intuition to figure out what the patient’s “inner voice” is saying to her. If I can help her articulate those thoughts, I will open a window into her mind, a window through which we both can look. I know, too, that she may come into therapy frightened and suspicious. I try to communicate that I understand her fears. I show her I will listen to what she has to say-listen in a way perhaps no one else ever has.

Sometimes patients are afraid that their feelings are so “bad” that no one would like them if they revealed their innermost self.

Exploring this “dark side” freely, guided by a supportive and nonjudgmental therapist, can be a powerful new experience for the patient, an experience that in itself helps the patient change and grow.

As a teacher, I try to supply the patient with the information she needs to plan healthy meals and to eat properly. As coach, I help her set goals for herself, encourage her to meet those goals, and support her when she fails. As her “parent,” I help her deal with the feelings that she originally developed toward her own mother and father and that are now “transferred” onto me. We may work on her wishes for someone to take care of her, her fears about growing up, her anger and shame about events from her childhood.

How do we know when therapy has done its job? One way is that the patient shows she can maintain normal weight and eating habits. She reports feeling more comfortable in relationships with others, especially her peers, and can solve problems in inventive new ways, without falling back on her old habits. She gains an enhanced sense of personal freedom and the ability to take responsibility for her choices in life.

Of equal importance is that she feels strongly rooted in her new personality-an identity that is no longer defined by her symptoms or by her enmeshment with other people. The work she began in therapy proceeds after therapy ends, as she continues to evolve and to meet life’s new challenges.

*86/35/5*

STIMULATE YOUR DETERMINATION: COUPLE DANCED AWAY 115 POUNDS

For better or worse, newlyweds Charlene and Eric Sutherland vowed to lose weight together. They just didn’t anticipate how much fun it would be.

At a total of 480 pounds—200 pounds for her, 280 pounds for him—Charlene and Eric had resigned themselves to being hefty. “We’d been heavy all of our lives, and diets never worked, so we stopped taking our weight problem seriously,” Charlene recalls.

Still, as Christmas 1997 rolled around, the 24-year-old Toronto couple dreaded their families’ weight-directed comments that were sure to come. So they bought a scale. Shocked by what it said, they felt that they needed to lose weight. This time, they would try exercise.

But a dilemma surfaced instantly. “We really wanted to do this together. We just didn’t see eye-to-eye on how—not at first, anyway Charlene says. “I like aerobics and lifting weights, but I hate gyms. I wanted to work out in front of the TV. But Eric gets bored. He’s more of a sports guy.”

Fortunately, the newlyweds found a creative compromise: dancing. In reminiscing about his dancing days with friends, Eric remembered that cutting a rug had cut back his weight during his university days.

But neither Charlene nor Eric wanted to return to the smoky bar scene, so they transformed their living room into a dance hall. Pushing aside the coffee table, the duo jammed to the fast-paced tunes of their favorite 1980s and 1990s bands for an hour every night.

“Dancing satisfied Eric’s need to do something interesting and my need to avoid health clubs,” Charlene explains. Their team approach worked so well that they decided to apply it to their eating habits. Together, they gave up junk food and soda, and they trimmed the fat content of their meals.

A year later and a collective 115 pounds lighter, this couple is ready to resize their wedding rings.

WINNING ACTION

Drop pounds as a pair. If your spouse needs to slim down, too, why not do it together? It will be more fun, and it may bring you even closer together. Dancing is an ideal activity for couples, but if it doesn’t appeal to you or your spouse, find something that you both like. Compare lists of your favorite activities or browse class offerings at your local YMCA or health club to see if something piques your and your spouse’s interest

*140\89\8*

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